American Thoracic Society MEDICAL SECTION OF THE AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION Standards for the Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Definitions, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Staging Definitions Epidemiology of COPD Risk Factors for COPD The Natural History of COPD Pathology and Structural Effects Clinical Features of COPD Laboratory Findings and Diagnostic Tests Prognosis Staging: Prospects and Proposal Comprehensive Outpatient Management of COPD Smoking Cessation Pharmacologic Therapy Long-term Oxygen Therapy Pulmonary Rehabilitation Inpatient Management of COPD Emergency Evaluation Hospitalization Criteria Pharmacotherapy of COPD Exacerbations Mobilization of Secretions Assisted Ventilation Inpatient Oxygen Therapy Surgery and the COPD Patient Preoperative Evaluation Risk of Surgical Procedures in COPD Patients Summary of Approach The Future of Surgery for COPD Patients Additional Considerations Sleep and the COPD Patient The Role of Nutrition COPD and Air Travel Ethical Issues in COPD